Enrico Mattei wikipedia
EXCERPTs:
1) Enrico Mattei (April 29, 1906 - October 27, 1962) was an Italian public administrator. After World War II he was given the task of dismantling the Italian Petroleum Agency Agip, a state enterprise established by the Fascist regime. Instead Mattei enlarged and reorganized it into the National Fuel Trust Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI). Under his direction ENI negotiated important oil concessions in the Middle East as well as a significant trade agreement with the Soviet Union which helped break the oligopoly of the 'Seven Sisters' that dominated the mid 20th century oil industry. He also introduced the principle whereby the country that owned exploited oil reserves received 75% of the profits.

Mattei, who became a powerful figure in Italy, was a left-wing Christian Democrat, and a member of parliament from 1948 to 1953. He died in a mysterious plane crash in 1962, likely caused by a bomb in the plane.

2) When preparing the film The Mattei Affair in 1970, Francesco Rosi asked the journalist Mauro De Mauro to investigate on the last days of Mattei in Sicily. De Mauro soon obtained an audio-tape of his last speech and spent days studying it. De Mauro disappeared eight days after his retrieval of the tape, on September 16, 1970, without leaving a trace. His body was never found.
All the Carabinieri and Police investigators who searched for De Mauro, and consequently investigated his presumed kidnapping, were later killed. Among them the general Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa.

Snamprogretti settle bribery charges with US SEC and DOJ
Eni, Snamprogretti Settle Bribery Charges With US SEC, DOJ
First Published Wednesday, 7 July 2010 06:15 pm - © 2010 Dow Jones
DOW JONES NEWSWIRES
Italian oil-and-gas company Eni SpA (E, ENI.MI) and its former Dutch unit Snamprogretti Netherlands BV will pay a total $365 million to settle charges by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the U.S. Justice Department in an alleged bribery scheme in which more than $180 million in bribes were funneled to Nigerian government officials in an effort to obtain contracts to build a liquefied-natural gas plant.
Eni and Snamprogretti consented to the settlement and court orders to jointly pay $125 million to settle the charges. Meanwhile, the Justice Department filed criminal charges against Snamprogretti, and the company has entered a deferred prosecution agreement and agreed to a penalty of $240 million.
The settlement brings the total paid to settle cases related to the bribery scheme to more than $1.28 billion from a joint venture of companies that also included Technip SA (TKPPY, TEC.FR), KBR Inc. (KBR) and its former parent Halliburton Co. (HAL).
Eni and Snamprogretti join a growing list of foreign companies hit with substantial fines for allegedly violating U.S. antibribery laws in third-world countries.
-By Tess Stynes, Dow Jones Newswires; 212-416-2481; Tess.Stynes@dowjones.com

Seven Sisters (oil companies) wikipedia
EXCERPT:
The Seven Sisters was a term coined by Italian politician Enrico Mattei to refer to seven Anglo-American oil companies that formed the "Consortium for Iran" and dominated the petroleum industry after World War II.[1] This group included: Standard Oil of New Jersey and Standard Oil Company of New York (now ExxonMobil); Standard Oil of California, Gulf Oil and Texaco (now Chevron); Royal Dutch Shell; and Anglo-Persian Oil Company (now BP). The dominance of the Seven sisters was challenged in the 1950s and 1960s by Mattei's restructuring of the Italian company Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI), the concessions it earned in the Middle East and its strategic alliances including those with the Soviet Union.[2]

Golpe Borghese wikipedia
EXCERPT:
The Golpe Borghese was a failed Italian coup d'état allegedly planned for the night of 7 or 8 December, 1970. It was named after Junio Valerio Borghese, an Italian World War II commander of the notorious Xª MAS unit, the "Black Prince", convicted of war crimes, but still a hero in the eyes of many post-War Italian fascists. The coup attempt became publicly known when the left-wing journal "Paese Sera" ran the headline on the evening of March 18, 1971 : Subversive plan against the Republic: far-right plot discovered.

Enrico Mattei answers
EXCERPT:
The multinational oil companies did not appreciate Mattei's activities and through the United States government put pressure on the Italian government to cease and desist oil and gas operations. But Mattei, by subterfuge, even when removed from the leadership of AGIP, continued expansion. When a little oil was found in the Po Valley, the government tacitly went along with Mattei's ventures and in 1953 created the ENI, the Natural Hydrocarbons Agency, a financial body meant to incorporate all government operations in the field. Inevitably, Mattei took charge. In Italy within ten years ENI expanded in oil and gas related fields such as exploration, refining, oil and gas pipes, distribution networks, oil drilling equipment, and petrochemicals. It also entered such fields as motels, textiles, and even newspapers.

Strategy of tension in Italy
EXCERPT:
Information about the Italian state's "Strategy of Tension" policy in which it carried out terrorist attacks against its own people in order to blame the left and anarchists.

Faced with a huge growth of working class power, with strikes, occupations, self-reduction of prices and mass squatting the intelligence services began carrying out terrorist acts with the help of fascist groups. Anarchists and the left were blamed, and working class militants were arrested. The worst such attack was the worst terrorist attack in Europe in the 20th Century - the bombing of the Bologna train station which killed 85 people (see picture, above)

Giuseppe Pinelli wikipedia
EXCERPT:
Circumstances of his death
On December 12, 1969 a bomb went off at the Piazza Fontana in Milan that killed 16 people and injured 84. Pinelli was picked up, along with other anarchists, for questioning regarding the attack. He was held and interrogated for three days, longer than Italian law specified that people could be held without seeing a judge. Just before midnight on December 15, 1969 Pinelli was seen to fall to his death from a fourth floor window of the Milan police station.[1] Three police officers interrogating Pinelli, including Commissioner Luigi Calabresi, were put under investigation in 1971 for his death, but legal proceedings concluded it was due to accidental causes.

Pinelli's name has since been cleared, and the far-right Ordine Nuovo was accused of the 1969 Piazza Fontana bombing (in 2001, three neo-fascists were convicted, a sentence overturned in March 2004; a fourth defendant, Carlo Di Giglio, was a suspected CIA informant who became a witness for the state and received immunity from prosecution).

Calabresi was later killed by two shots from a revolver outside his home in 1972. In 1988, former Lotta continua leader Adriano Sofri was arrested with Ovidio Bompressi and Giorgio Pietrostefani for Calabresi's murder. The charges against them were based on testimony provided, 16 years later, by Leonardo Marino, an ex-militant who confessed to the murder of Calabresi, under order from Adriano Sofri.[1] Claiming his innocence, Sofri was finally convicted after a highly contentious trial, in 2000, giving rise to a book from historian Carlo Ginzburg, The Judge and the Historian: Marginal Notes on a Late Twentieth-Century Miscarriage of Justice.

Licio Gelli wikipedia
EXCERPT:
Gelli collaborated with American and British intelligence agencies after World War II. Gelli also joined the neofascist MSI, which gave him parliamentary immunity. In 1970, he planned to arrest the President during the failed Golpe Borghese.[citation needed] As grand master of the Propaganda Due (P2) masonic lodge, Gelli had ties with very high level personalities in Italy and abroad, in particular in Argentina.

Curious death of Enrico Mattei
EXCERPT:
At this point, Mattei asked for personal meeting with President John F. Kennedy. It was scheduled for November 1962. But just weeks before he was to fly to Washington DC to seal the deal, he died in the plane crash.
The officially inquiry, headed by Defense Minister Gulio Andreotti, ruled that the plane crash was a probable accident caused by bad weather. But that finding was called into question in 1995 after the remains of Mattei and his pilot were exhumed. Even though 33 years had elapsed, forensic pathologists were able to determine that bits of metal found in the crash victims’ bones had been deformed by a powerful explosion from within the aircraft. If so, an explosive device had been planted aboard the plane. and Mattei had been the victim of an assassination.

Mauro De Mauro wikipedia
EXCERPT:
Mauro De Mauro (September 6, 1921 –September 16, 1970) was an Italian journalist, murdered by the Mafia following his investigations on the death of Enrico Mattei and on the Golpe Borghese.

Piazza Fontana bombing wikipedia
EXCERPTs:
1) In 1998, Milan judge Guido Salvini indicted U.S. Navy officer David Carrett on charges of political and military espionage for his participation in the Piazza Fontana bombing et al. Salvini also opened up a case against Sergio Minetto, an Italian official of the U.S.-NATO intelligence network, and "collaboratore di giustizia" Carlo Digilio (Uncle Otto), who served as CIA coordinator in Northeastern Italy in the sixties and seventies. The newspaper La Repubblica reported that Carlo Rocchi, CIA's man in Milan was discovered in 1995 searching for information concerning Operation Gladio.[3]

2) Political theories of responsibility for the bombing
A 2000 parliamentary report published by the center-left Olive Tree coalition claimed that "U.S. intelligence agents were informed in advance about several right-wing terrorist bombings, including the December 1969 Piazza Fontana bombing in Milan and the Piazza della Loggia Bombing in Brescia five years later, but did nothing to alert the Italian authorities or to prevent the attacks from taking place." It also alleged that Pino Rauti (current leader of the MSI Fiamma-Tricolore party), a journalist and founder of the far-right Ordine Nuovo (New Order) subversive organization, received regular funding from a press officer at the U.S. embassy in Rome. "So even before the 'stabilising' plans that Atlantic circles had prepared for Italy became operational through the bombings, one of the leading members of the subversive right was literally in the pay of the American embassy in Rome", the report says.[6]


Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa wikipedia
EXCERPT:
Dalla Chiesa was also investigating the death of Mauro de Mauro, a journalist who had himself been investigating the murder of Enrico Mattei, head of Agip, the Italian oil company.

In the foreword of the Argentine National Commission on the Disappearance of Persons report on the Argentine Dirty War, Dalla Chiesa was cited as having rejected the use of torture in Italy in response to the kidnapping of Aldo Moro. In response to a suggestion that torture be used in the investigation, Dalla Chiesa stated "Italy can survive the loss of Aldo Moro. It would not survive the introduction of torture."[2]

William McHale and Eni Mattei
EXCERPT:
On May 19th 1962 Marilyn Monroe sang Happy Birthday Mr President to John Kennedy in front of 15,000 people. Their affair was in full bloom. McHale had fotographs and letters of liasons between Kennedy and Munroe which the CIA deemed a security risk to the United States of America.

McHale had also been able to obtain a copy of a consensus ad ide, between Kennedy and Nikita Khrushchev settling the Bay of Pigs incident. That agreement was of one page. The United States of America would not attack Cuba and permit Fidel Castro to maintain a Communist Government in return for Russia withdrawing missiles from Cuba and that Russia would place no troops in Cuba. There were never an y missiles and McHale had the photographs proving this. Russia had clearly used a strategy to coerce the United States of America into maintaining a Communist Country within miles of its border-Cuba. If that information leaked the Kennedy Administration would be finished. McHale had the key.

The target on the 27th October 1962 was not Mattei but McHale. He was truly killed and the attention of the world turned on Mattei not McHale. In fact he is forgotten, a by product of a murder.

Did Andreotti know the real target from his American friends? He was made Chief Investigator of the crash! An unusual choice because a politician is hardly the appropriate person! If Andreotti did not know then certainly someone in the Italian Government would know. But that someone knew is certain.

But McHale kept a diary and kept the photos he had. De Mauro was made aware of this as was Pasolini and Della Chiesa.

All died in strange circumstances but not because of Mattei but William McHale the man in the know and the man who posed a clear and present danger to the security of the United States of America.

It was William McHale the target. Mattei was a brilliant excuse. Was the aircraft subject to a bomb or shot down by a US Military Aircraft? It is almost irrelevant. They are all dead. Pasolini who wanted to make a film about Kennedy and the Bay of Pigs using the consensus ad idem document was murdered. Della Chiesa who became aware of the McHale diaries and fotos was killed. De Mauro who stumbled on to the real target was murdered.

Where are the diaries and the copy of the US/Russian Agreement that McHale paid with his life?

They are still around............
Giovanni Di Stefano
Rome 1 July 2007

Agip wikipedia
EXCERPT:
History
In 1924 there was the famous affair Sinclair scandal. Sinclair Oil was a U.S. oil company that together with the Italian Ministry of National Economy had reached a fifty year long agreement for which they were issued a permit to conduct oil research in Emilia-Romagna and Sicily, for a total of 40,000 km ². Sinclair and the Italian State would have constituted a joint enterprise, 40% of whose capital would be of the State's property, all expenditure incurred by Sinclair Oil and 25% of profits to the Italian State. The agreement was judged to cause serious damage to the nation and the opposition, headed by Giacomo Matteotti and Don Sturzo, started a controversy which aligned the suspicion of corruption; Matteotti indeed had prepared a speech on this issue for June 12, but was killed two days earlier. Don Sturzo continued the controversy, stating in a public company was the only way for a national energy independence.

Coal in Italy was scarce and of poor quality. It was imported from abroad at prices that seriously weighed on currency balance and limited industrial growth. Power plants, which were not very developed and mainly concentrated in the north of the country, could not satisfy the needs of energy.

Giacomo Matteotti wikipedia
EXCERPT:
Giacomo Matteotti ( It-Giacomo Matteotti.ogg (help·info)) (22 May 1885 – 10 June 1924) was an Italian socialist politician. On 30 May 1924, he openly spoke in the Italian Parliament alleging the Fascists committed fraud in the recently held elections, and denounced the violence they used to gain votes. Eleven days later he was kidnapped and killed, allegedly by members or supporters of the National Fascist Party.

The murder of Poet Pierre Paolo Pasolini
EXCERPT:
Pasolini was busy working on a novel entitled “Petrolio”, in which he alluded to the assassination of Enrico Mattei, the President of ENI. Pasolini wrote that Eugenio Cefis, whom he called by the fictitious name of “Troya”, then becomes President of ENI, which “implicates him in the murder of his predecessor”.

Nuri Said wikipedia
EXCERPT:
Nuri Pasha al-Said (1888 – July 15, 1958) (Arabic: نوري السعيد‎) was an Iraqi politician during the British Mandate and during the Kingdom of Iraq. He served in various key cabinet positions, and served seven terms as Prime Minister of Iraq.

From his first appointment as prime minister under the British mandate in 1930, Nuri was a major political figure in Iraq under the monarchy. During his many terms in office, he was involved in some of the key policy decisions that shaped the modern Iraqi state. In 1930, during his first term, he signed the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty, which, as a step toward greater independence, granted Britain the unlimited right to station its armed forces in and transit military units through Iraq. It also gave legitimacy to British control of the country's oil industry. While the treaty nominally reduced British involvement in Iraq's internal affairs, this was only to the extent that Iraq's behavior did not conflict with British economic or military interests. This agreement led the way to nominal independence as the Mandate ended in 1932. Throughout his career Nuri was a supporter of a continued and extensive British role within Iraq. These policies were always matters of great contention.

Aldo Moro
EXCERPT:
The "Gladio network", directed by NATO, has also been accused. Historian Sergio Flamigni, an erstwhile communist party member, believes Moretti was used by Gladio in Italy to take over the Red Brigades and pursue a strategy of tension. In BR member Alberto Franceschini's book, [9] Aldo Moro is described as one of Gladio's founders. Evidence has emerged to support this view of American involvement in the overarching the strategy of tension, and of known strong American foreign policies against the then looming historic (unprecedented in post war times) coalition that would have admitted the eurocommunist PCI into a government of national unity, the fear on the U.S. side being that Italy thereafter might withdraw from NATO and that the U.S. would have then lost access to vital Mediterranean ports. [10] Moro's widow later recounted Moro's meeting with U.S. President Nixon's advisor, Henry Kissinger, and an unidentified American intelligence official, who warned him not to pursue the strategy of bringing the Communist Party into his cabinet, [11] telling him "You must abandon your policy of bringing all the political forces in your country into direct collaboration...or you will pay dearly for it." Moro was allegedly so shaken by the comment that he became ill and threatened to quit politics. [12